Prevalencia y variables asociadas a Pediculus humanus capitis en escolares de Caloto, Cauca, Colombia / Prevalence and variables associated with Pediculus humanus capitis in schoolchildren from Caloto, Cauca, Colombia

Resumen Introducción: la pediculosis capitis (PC) es una ectoparasitosis que afecta la piel, el cuero cabelludo y el pelo, cuyo agente etiológico es el Pediculus humanus capitis. La PC afecta principalmente a la población pediátrica y puede tener repercusiones psicosociales severas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y las variables asociadas a PC en escolares de tres instituciones de educación primaria de Caloto, Cauca, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en 279 niños de 3-12 años entre enero y febrero de 2019. Se realizó un examen físico del cuero cabelludo de los estudiantes para identificar ninfas y piojos adultos, y se aplicó una encuesta a uno de sus padres o tutor legal. Se realizó un análisis bivariado por medio de las pruebas chi cuadrado o exacta de Fisher, para establecer la asociación entre las variables de interés y la presencia de PC, calculándose los OR con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95 % y un nivel de significancia estadística de p<0,05. Resultados: la prevalencia de PC fue de 17,56 %. Las variables que se asociaron significativamente con la presencia de PC fueron ser de sexo femenino, tener entre 8 y 12 años de edad, lavarse el pelo interdiario, tener pelo largo, tener antecedente de PC y tener prurito del cuero cabelludo. Conclusiones: la PC está presente en los estudiantes de Caloto. Es necesario aplicar estrategias de prevención y control.

Abstract Introduction: pediculosis capitis (PC) is an ectoparasitosis that affects the skin, scalp and hair, and its etiologic agent is Pediculus humanus capitis. PC mainly affects pediatric population and can have severe psychosocial repercussions. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and variables associated to PC in schoolchildren attending three primary schools in Caloto, Cauca, Colombia. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in 279 children (aged 3 to 12) between January and February 2019. A physical examination of the children's heads was performed to identify nymphs and adult lice, and a survey was administered to one of their parents or their legal guardians. A bivariate analysis was carried out using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests to establish the association between the variables of interest and the presence of PC, calculating the ORs with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI) and a statistical significance level of p<0,05. Results: the prevalence of PC was 17,56 %. The following variables were significantly associated with the presence of PC: being female, being between 8 and 12 years of age, washing the hair every other day, having long hair, having a history of PC and having scalp pruritus. Conclusions: PC remains a health problem in rural schoolchildren. It is necessary to apply prevention and control strategies.

Pediculosis capitis y transmisión potencial de enfermedades infecciosas reemergentes en Colombia. Revisión de la literatura / Pediculosis capitis and potential transmission of re-emerging infectious diseases in Colombia. Literature review

Resumen Introducción. La infestación por piojos de la cabeza en humanos (Pediculus humanus capitis) se conoce como pediculosis capitis. Estos parásitos pueden ser vectores de enfermedades infecciosas con potencial reemergente. Objetivos. Revisar la literatura actual sobre las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza y realizar una breve descripción de sus manifestaciones clínicas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar y SciELO mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: años de publicación: 1938 a 2019; idioma: inglés y español; términos de búsqueda: "Pediculus", "lice infestations", "bacteria", "emerging communicable diseases", "Rickettsia", "Bartonella", "Borrelia", "Acinetobacter", "Yersinia", and "Colombia", y sus equivalentes en español. Resultados. De los 110 artículos incluidos, la mayoría correspondió a investigaciones originales (48.2%). A nivel mundial, numerosos estudios han reportado la transmisión de Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter bau-manniiy Yersiniapestis, entre otras bacterias, por los piojos de la cabeza y del cuerpo en humanos. Conclusiones. Aunque las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza son raras, guardan potencial reemergente en poblaciones afectadas por migraciones humanas, crisis sociopolíticas, indigencia e inmunosupresión. En Colombia no se han realizado investigaciones sobre la transmisión de estas enfermedades por Pediculus spp., por lo que se sugiere que en estudios futuros se determine la prevalencia y los aspectos epidemiológicos de las enfermedades transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza.

Abstract Introduction: Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation in humans is known as pediculosis capitis. These parasites can be vectors of potentially re-emerging infectious diseases. Objective: To review the current literature on infectious diseases transmitted by head lice and provide a brief description of their clinical manifestations. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted in the Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and SciELO databases using the following search strategy: Publication time: 1938 to 2019; Publication language: English and Spanish; Search terms: "Pediculus", "lice infestations", "bacteria", "emerging communicable diseases", "Rickettsia", "Bartonella", "Borrelia", "Acinetobacter", "Yersinia", and "Colombia", and their Spanish equivalents. Results: Of the 110 studies included in the review, most of them were original research articles (48.2%). Worldwide, many studies have reported the transmission of Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Yersinia pestis, among other bacteria, by head and body lice in humans. Conclusions. Although infectious diseases transmitted by head lice are rare, they have the potential to become re-emerging infectious diseases in population groups affected by human migration processes, socio-political crises, homelessness, and immunosuppression conditions. In Colombia, so far, there are no studies on the transmission of these bacterial diseases by Pediculus spp., so in future studies the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of human head louse-borne diseases should be determined.

Update on parasitic dermatoses

Abstract These are cutaneous diseases caused by insects, worms, protozoa, or coelenterates which may or may not have a parasitic life. In this review the main ethological agents, clinical aspects, laboratory exams, and treatments of these dermatological diseases will be studied.

Lifestyle Recommendations for Management of Pediculosis from the Viewpoint of Persian Medicine

Introduction: Pediculosis Capitis (head lice infestation) is the most common disease of the bloodsucking insect which affects approximately six to twenty million cases and results considerable economic burden annually. In this study we aim to investigate some medieval Persian views on the role of non-pharmacological treatment strategies for prevention and control of pediculosis and compare their prescriptions with current findings. Materials and methods: In this qualitative study, we reviewed some well-known Persian medicine (PM) textbooks based on the selected keywords (Shepesh, Reshk, Ghamal and Seyban) to collect the viewpoint of PM scholars for pediculosis and its treatments. Also, we searched in the databases such as PubMed, Science direct and Scopus about the topic. Results: Persian medicine scientists believed that there are six essential health principles (SetteZaroorieh), which can affect human health and prevent diseases including air, nutrition, exercise, sleep and wakefulness, exertion of unnecessary materials from the body and finally psychological concepts. Proper management of these essential factors can improve lifestyle of people affected with pediculosis and also play a key role in prevention of head lice infestation. Conclusion: There are several suitable recommendations for prevention and control of pediculosis according to essential health principles in PM which can consider beside current drug treatments and the individual health recommendations for complete control of the disease

Pediculosis capitis grave en una niña inscrita en una guardería / Severe pediculosis capitis in a nursery school girl

La pediculosis capitis es la ectoparasitosis más frecuente a nivel mundial. La infestación es causada por Pediculus humanus capitis (piojo de la cabeza) y afecta el cabello, el cuero cabelludo y la piel. Rara vez se manifiesta con otro tipo de sintomatología y, por lo general, su curso es benigno si se trata adecuadamente. Se presenta el caso de una menor con pediculosis capitis de 18 meses de evolución, asociada con forúnculos, lesiones cutáneas, múltiples adenopatías y anemia, que no mejoró tras la aplicación del champú. Inicialmente, llamó la atención la presencia de forúnculos, alopecia y adenopatías. La persistencia de la pediculosis capitis y el rascado intenso alteraron la integridad de la epidermis y facilitaron las infecciones secundarias por bacterias patógenas y oportunistas que produjeron impétigo, forunculosis, excoriaciones, costras hemáticas, anemia, alopecia y linfadenopatías. La pediculosis capitis afectó notoriamente a la paciente al causarle problemas psicológicos y de salud, agudizados por su condición económica y social. La paciente presentó manifestaciones clínicas poco frecuentes (forunculosis, anemia, fiebre, alopecia y adenopatías), lo cual se vio facilitado por la persistencia de los factores de riesgo y el hecho de que no se le inspeccionaba la cabeza ni se removían los insectos. La educación sobre los factores de riesgo y el control sanitario es indispensable para controlar la infestación.

Pediculosis capitis is the most frequent ectoparasitosis around the world. The infestation is caused by Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), which affects hair, scalp, and skin. It rarely presents with more symptoms and in the majority of the cases, it shows a benign course if treated properly. We present the case of a nursery school girl with head lice infestation for 18 months. She did not improve after the shampoo treatment. This case was associated with furunculosis, skin lesions, multiple adenopathies, and anemia. Initially, the presence of boils, alopecia, and lymphadenopathy was evident. The persistence of pediculosis capitis and intense scratching induced changes on skin integrity, facilitating opportunistic bacterial superinfection that led to impetiginization, furunculosis, excoriations, hematic scabs, anemia, alopecia, and lymphadenopathies. Pediculosis capitis affected the patient triggering psychological, economic, social, and other health problems. The patient presented uncommon symptoms (furunculosis, anemia, fever, alopecia, and adenopathies) resulting from the persistence of risk factors and the absence of head inspection and mechanical removal of insects. The education about the risk factors, as well as sanitary controls, are essential to contain the infestation.

Prevalencia de enfermedades dermatológicas en escolares del Consejo Popular Pesquera / Dermatological diseases prevalence in school of the Popular Council Pesquera

RESUMEN Fundamento: las enfermedades dermatológicas, en la edad pediátrica, tienen un alto impacto en la calidad de vida y salud emocional de los pacientes. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de enfermedades dermatológicas en pacientes escolares del Consejo Popular Pesquera. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal, observacional y descriptivo en un universo de 366 escolares, de cinco a nueve años de edad, residentes en el Consejo Popular Pesquera. El seguimiento se realizó en la escuela primaria del consejo y en la consulta municipal de Dermatología durante el curso escolar 2016-2017. Resultados: el 38,80 % de los pacientes presentaron, al menos, una enfermedad dermatológica y de ellas el 53,01 % tenían una base infectocontagiosa. La pediculosis capitis constituyó el 15,84 % del total de enfermedades dermatológicas seguida de las piodermitis (14,21 %). Conclusiones: las enfermedades dermatológicas afectan un tercio de la población escolar del Consejo Popular Pesquera donde las infectocontagiosas son las de mayor prevalencia.

ABSTRACT Background: the dermatological diseases, in the pediatric age, have a high impact in the patients' quality of life and emotional health. Objective: to establish the dermatological diseases prevalence in school patients of the Popular Council Pesquera. Methods: a longitudinal, observational and descriptive study with a universe of 366 students, of 5 to 9 years of age, residents in the Popular Council Pesquera. The following was carried out in the primary school of the council and in the Dermatology municipal consultation during the 2016-2017 academic year. Results: the 38.80% of the patients presented, at least, a dermatological diseases and of them 53.01% had an infectious-contagious base. The pediculosis capitis constituted 15.84 % of the total of dermatological diseases followed by the pyoderma (14.21 %). Conclusions: the dermatological diseases affect a third of the school population of the Popular Council Pesquera being those of infectious-contagious origin those of more prevalence.

Acute prurigo simplex in humans caused by pigeon lice

Abstract: Pigeon lice are insects that feed on feathers of these birds; their life cycle includes egg, nymph and adult and they may cause dermatoses in humans. Four persons of the same family, living in an urban area, presented with widespread intensely pruritic erythematous papules. A great number of lice were seen in their house, which moved from a nest of pigeons located on the condenser of the air-conditioning to the dormitory of one of the patients. Even in urban environments, dermatitis caused by parasites of birds is a possibility in cases of acute prurigo simplex. Pigeon lice are possible etiological agents of this kind of skin eruption, although they are often neglected, even by dermatologists.

Prevalência de pediculose de cabeça em crianças inseridas em centros municipais de educação infantil / La prevalencia de piojos en los niños en los centros municipales de educación infantil / Prevalence of head lice on children in municipal childhood education

Objetivo: o estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência da pediculose de cabeça entre crianças de 2 a 5 anos inseridas nos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil (CMEI) de Divinópolis, MG. Método: O método de estudo utilizado foi o transversal, de base populacional, com amostra de 326 crianças. Realizou-se inspeção da cabeça e aplicação de questionário sociodemográfico. O modelo multivariado de análise estatística utilizado foi a Regressão Linear de Poisson. Resultados: A prevalência de pediculose de cabeça foi de 15,3%. Constatou-se que as meninas têm maior chance de apresentarem a pediculose (RP=3,21; p<0,0001). Conclusão: Conclui- se que a pediculose de cabeça continua sendo um agravo importante na população infantil, apontando a necessidade de aproximação entre comunidade, escola e serviço de saúde para ações de promoção à saúde e prevenção desta parasitose.

Objective: the study aimed to identify the prevalence of head pediculosis among children aged 2 to 5 years inserted in MunicipalChildhood Education Centres (CMEI) in Divinópolis, MG, Brazil. Method: The study method used was cross-sectional, populationbased,with a sample of 326 children. The children’s head was inspected and a sociodemographic questionnaire was applied. The multivariate statistical analysis used was Poisson’s Linear Regression. Results: The prevalence of head lice infestation was 15.3%.Girls are more likely to have pediculosis (PR = 3.21; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: It is concluded that the head lice infestation remains aconsiderable problem in children, pointing out the need for closer ties between community and school health services to promotehealth and prevent this disease.

Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de la pediculosis de la cabeza en niños de 2 a 5 años insertados en loscentros municipales de educación infantil (CMEI) en Divinópolis, MG, Brasil. Método: El método utilizado fue transversal ypoblacional, con una muestra de 326 niños. Fueron inspeccionadas las cabezas y fue aplicado un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Elanálisis estadístico multivariado utilizado fue la Regresión Lineal de Poisson. Resultados: La prevalencia de la infestación por piojosde la cabeza fue del 15,3 %. Se encontró que las niñas son más propensas a tener la pediculosis (RP = 3,21; p < 0,0001). Conclusión:Se concluye que la infestación por piojos de la cabeza sigue siendo un problema considerable en los niños, señalando la necesidadde estrechar los vínculos entre los servicios comunitarios y de salud escolar para promover acciones para la salud y la prevención deesta enfermedad.

Pediculus capitis en niños de escuelas de la zona urbana de Nuevo León, México: análisis de factores asociados / Pediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo León, México: Analyses of associated factors

Resumen Introducción. La pediculosis capitis es un problema recurrente que afecta anualmente de 6 a 12 millones de niños; no existen datos epidemiológicos en el estado de Nuevo León, y en México son escasos, por lo cual se necesitan estudios fundamentados para diseñar estrategias de control basadas en los factores que predisponen a la infestación por piojos. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de Pediculus capitis en niños de educación primaria para detectar factores de riesgo y conocer las características individuales y las condiciones socioeconómicas asociadas estadísticamente con la infestación. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 840 escolares de seis municipios, previa firma del consentimiento informado por parte de los padres y de los niños. Los ectoparásitos se recolectaron en cada niño infestado utilizando un peine fino. Los participantes contestaron una encuesta que incluía variables individuales y socioeconómicas, como la edad, el sexo, el grado escolar, las características del cabello, el hacinamiento y la pediculosis en hermanos, entre otras. Resultados. La prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en los niños fue de 28 % (235/840), con una mayor prevalencia en las niñas (33,7 %; 140/417); los niños del quinto grado (10 a 11 años) fueron los más afectados (6,2 %; 52/840). El sexo femenino, el cabello largo y el nivel escolar de los padres se asociaron significativamente con la pediculosis capitis. Conclusiones. Los resultados demostraron que la prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en Nuevo León es una de las más altas de México y que es un problema real de salud pública,por lo cual es importante establecer programas de prevención en la escuela y en el hogar para disminuirla o controlarla con la ayuda de las autoridades de salud pública.

Abstract Introduction: Pediculosis capitis is a recurring problem affecting 6 to 12 millions of children annually; there are no epidemiological data on this subject in the state of Nuevo León, and there are few in México. Therefore, new contributions are needed to design control strategies based on factors that may predispose to head lice infestation. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis in primary school children and to evaluate risk factors and individual or socioeconomic characteristics statistically associated with infestation. Materials and methods: We included 840 schoolchildren from six municipalities after parents and children signed an informed consent. Ectoparasites were collected from infested children using a fine-toothed comb. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire on individual and socioeconomic variables including age, gender, education, hair characteristics, overcrowding, and siblings with pediculosis, among others. Results: The overall prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren was 28% (235/840), the highest prevalence was among girls (33.7%, 140/417), and children from the fifth grade (10-11 years old) were the most affected (6.2%; 52/840). Female gender, long hair and the father's education level were significantly associated with P. capitis. Conclusion: Our results showed that the P. capitis prevalence in Nuevo León is one of the highest in Mexico, that it constitutes a real public health problem,and that there is need to establish prevention programsat home and school to decrease or to controlP. capitis with the support of public health authorities.

Parasitoses intestinais e pediculose: prevenção em crianças na idade escolar / Intestinal parasitosis and pediculosis: prevention in school-aged children

Objetivos: relatar a experiência das atividades de um projeto de extensão que teve como principal proposta a prevenção de parasitoses intestinais e pediculose desenvolvidas em escolares do município de Juiz de Fora. Desenvolvimento: o projeto baseou-se em visitar três escolas, sendo duas da rede pública (Escola Municipal Tancredo Neves, Escola Estadual Fernando Lobo) e uma privada (Escola Adventista de Juiz de Fora) e divulgar de forma lúdica, por meio de jogos, vídeos e palestras, assuntos relacionados a curiosidades sobre a biologia dos parasitos, transmissão, sintomatologia e, principalmente, prevenção dessas parasitoses, bem como exposição dos agentes. Nas escolas trabalhadas, as crianças demonstraram, através de jogos de perguntas e respostas e relatos próprios, ter compreendido os conceitos básicos de transmissão e prevenção das parasitoses, gerando mudanças de hábitos de higiene. Conclusão: conclui-se que é possível despertar o interesse das crianças pela prevenção das parasitoses intestinais e pediculose, introduzindo-se hábitos de higiene e cuidados que contribuem para o controle da transmissão dessas parasitoses.

Obejctives: to relate the experience of the activities of an extension project that had the prevention of intestinal parasitosis and pediculosis developed in schools of Juiz de Fora city as its main purpose. Development: the project was based in visiting three schools: two public schools (Escola Municipal Tancredo Neves, Escola Estadual Fernando Lobo) and one private school (Escola Adventista de Juiz de Fora), disseminating in a playful way, through games, videos and speeches, subjects related to the biology of parasites, transmission, symptoms and mainly prevention of parasitosis, as well as exposition to agents. The children in school demonstrated they understand the basic notions of transmission and prevention of parasitosis, generating hygiene changes through question and answer games and their own reports. Conclusion: it is concluded that it is possible to arouse children's interest in intestinal parasitosis and pediculosis prevention, introducing hygiene habits and care that contribute to controlling the transmission of such parasitosis.

Dermoscopy applied to pediculosis corporis diagnosis

We report the case of a 47-year-old homeless male with a massive infestation of Pediculus humanus corporis on his entire body. Dermoscopy helped to diagnose pediculosis by showing the involvement of scalp, beard and the genital region in this disease.

White piedra and pediculosis capitis in the same patient / Piedra branca e pediculose capitis no mesmo paciente

White piedra is a superficial mycosis caused by the genus Trichosporon. It is characterized by nodules on the hair shaft. Pediculosis capitis is caused by Pediculus humanus var. capitis of the suborder Anoplura. Whereas pediculosis is a common infestation, clinical reports of white piedra are rare. Molecular biology procedures identified T. inkin as the agent of white piedra in this case report. The authors present associations between the two diseases in the same patient in order to highlight their clinical differences.

Piedra branca é micose superficial causada pelo gênero Trichosporon e caracterizada por nódulos aderidos à haste do pelo. Pediculose capitis é causada pelo Pediculus humanus var. capitis pertencente à subordem Anoplura. Enquanto que a pediculose é enfermidade comum, relatos clínicos de piedra branca são raros. Técnicas de biologia molecular identificaram o agente de piedra branca do presente relato como T.inkin. Os autores apresentam associação de ambas as infestações no mesmo paciente para salientar seus aspectos clínicos distintos.

Entodermoscopia: dermatoscopia de epiluminescência para diagnose da pediculose / Entodermoscopy: dermoscopy for the diagnosis of pediculosis

Relata-se um caso clínico no qual a dermatoscopia de epiluminescência sem contato foi empregada como método auxiliar para o diagnóstico e a avaliação clínica da eficácia do tratamento da pediculose do couro cabeludo.

We report a clinical case in which contactless dermoscopy was used as an aid to the diagnosis of pediculosis and clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of this condition.

Utilidade do pente metálico com dentes microcanaliculados no diagnóstico da pediculose / Metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb use in the diagnosis of pediculosis

Fundamentos: Os métodos para diagnosticar Pediculus humanus var. capitis são controvertidos e a maioria dos estudos tem usado o exame visual direto. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia no diagnóstico do exame visual direto em contraposição ao uso do pente metálico de aço com dentes microcanaliculados. Métodos: Investigaram-se 946 crianças e adolescentes de quatro a 19 anos. O cabelo de cada criança foi examinado duas vezes, para detectar infestação pelos diferentes estádios, por meio da observação visual direta e com o pente metálico. Resultados: O diagnóstico visual apontou infestação em 30,7 por cento dos casos, enquanto que o pente metálico indicou um resultado de 51,5 por cento. O sexo feminino foi o mais acometido, de acordo com ambos os métodos. As formas parasitárias detectadas com o exame visual direto foram: somente piolhos (adultos e/ou ninfas); 1,4 por cento; somente lêndeas vivas, 64,8 por cento; e lêndeas vivas mais piolhos, 33,8 por cento; com o pente metálico, foram 6,4 por cento, 23,6 por cento e 70 por cento, respectivamente. A média de tempo para descobrir um piolho foi de 57 segundos com o pente metálico e de 116,4 segundos com a observação visual direta. Conclusões: O diagnóstico é duas vezes mais rápido e 3,6 vezes mais eficiente com o pente metálico microcanaliculado. O método visual leva a uma subestimação das infestações ativas e revela as passadas não ativas.

Background: Methods for the diagnosis of Pediculus humanus var. capitis are controversial and most studies are based on direct visual exam. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnosis efficacy of both direct visual exam and the use of a metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb. Methods: 946 children and teenagers 4 to 19 years of age were examined. Each individual’s hair was examined twice to determine whether there was infestation by lice or nits, through direct visual exam and the use of a metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb. Results: The visual diagnosis detected infestation in 30.7 percent of the cases, while the metal comb detected infestation in 51.5 percent. Females were the most affected. The forms of parasites detected through direct visual exam were: only lice (adults and/or nymphs) 1.4 percent, only live nits 64.8 percent and live nits and lice, 33.8 percent; with the metal comb the percentages were 6.4 percent, 23.6 percent and 70 percent, respectively. The average time to find a louse was 57 seconds with the fine-toothed comb and 116.4 seconds through the direct visual exam. Conclusions: Diagnosis with the microchanelled fine-toothed comb is twice as fast and 3.6 times more efficient than through direct visual exam.The direct visual exam detects non-active, past infestations, and underestimates active ones.

Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência aplicada ao controle da qualidade de cis-permetrina em loção capilar / High-performance liquid chromatography applied to the control of the quality of cis-permethrin in capillary lotion

Doenças ectoparasitárias como a escabiose, a pediculose, a tungíase e a larva migrans cutânea são epidêmicas em inúmeras comunidades carentes no Brasil e seu controle efetivo é um desafio para a Saúde Pública. Embora a permetrina seja um dos medicamentos aprovados pelo Food and Drug Administration para o tratamento da pediculose, não há um método oficial disponível para a realização do controle da qualidade deste produto em loção capilar de uso humano. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um método analítico sensível, específico, preciso e exato para esta análise, seguindo os critérios descritos na Resolução no 899/2003 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). A cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detector diode array (λ = 235nm) foi empregada na determinação de cis-permetrina em loção capilar, visando implementar um sistema de controle da qualidade em laboratórios analíticos. A cis-permetrina e a substância utilizada como padrão interno (PI), o cloridrato de nafazolina, foram separados em coluna analítica S5W (4,6 x 150mm) Waters Spherisorb® e eluídos isocraticamente (fluxo de 1,2mL/min). A cis-permetrina e o PI foram caracterizados pelos tempos de retenção de 1,52 e 8,66 minutos respectivamente. O método mostrou-se linear na faixa de 1,6 a 127,5µg/mL e, nos estudos de precisão intra e interensaio, foram obtidos coeficientes de variação inferiores a 5%, calculados a partir dos resultados. A exatidão média do método foi de 103%. Os limites de detecção e quantificação foram 1,6µg/mL e 2,4µg/mL respectivamente. A cis-permetrina manteve-se estável por 24 horas à temperatura ambiente; por 15 dias a 4ºC e 30 dias a -20ºC. O método mostrou-se simples e apropriado para a determinação de cis-permetrina em loção capilar.

Parasitic skin diseases such as scabies, pediculosis, tungiasis, and cutaneous larva migrans are epidemic in numerous communities in Brazil and their effective control is a major challenge to public health. Permethrim is one of the medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat pediculosis. However, official methods of quality control for permethrin's use as hair lotion are currently unavailable. Thus, a specific and accurate method was validated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (λ = 235 nm) in order to determine cis-permethrin in hair lotion, aiming to establish a systemof quality control in analytical laboratories. Cis-permethrin and naphazolinechloride (internal standard - IS) were separated in an analytical S5W column (4.6 x 150 mm) Waters Spherisorb® and isocratically eluted (flow rate =1.2 mL/min). Cis-permethrin and IS were characterized by their retention times: 1.52 and 8.66 minutes, respectively. The accuracy of this method was 103%. A linear range was detected from 1.6 to 127.5µg/ml and CV < 5% calculated from intra and inter-essay precision results. LOD and LOQ were 1.6µg/mL and 2.4µg/mL, respectively. Cis-permethrin remained stable for 24 hours at room temperature; for 15 days at 4ºC and 30 days at -20ºC. The method was considered simple and suitable for determination of cis-permethrin in hair lotion.